Early childhood education
A book called the Longevity Project was recently published, based on following a group of 1500 individuals over the course of their lifespan. An interview with one of the authors was posted at The Atlantic. Here's a brief excerpt:
Some of the connections you uncovered relate not only to what we might want to change in our own lives, but what we might do to cause our children to follow healthy paths.
Yes—as it turned out, starting formal schooling at a very early age turned out not to be a very good idea for most. Children need unstructured play time, and they need to get along with their peers; starting out young seemed to alienate them.