The New York Times recently had an article examining the role of women in Iraqi politics. It bemoaned that
No women took part in the protracted negotiations to reach a compromise government. And despite holding a quarter of the seats in Parliament, only one woman runs a ministry: women’s affairs, a largely ceremonial department with a tiny budget and few employees. In the previous government from 2006 to 2010, four women led ministries, and in the government from 2005 to 2006, six did, including the influential ones governing public works, refugees and communications.
It also noted that women had no role in Hussein's government and the resistance movements were dominated by men. It notes that "women" lobbied the American administrator Paul Bremer to insert a constitutional requirement that a quarter of seats in the Iraqi parliament be reserved for women (although it's unclear from the article whether that reference to "women" lobbying refers to Iraqi women or American feminist organizations).
Does this mean that women are being discriminated against? Compare to a latter portion of the article:
Only 5 of the 86 female lawmakers actually got enough votes to win seats without the quota. The remaining 81 were put there by party leaders because of the Constitution’s mandate.
"Many of those women who were chosen as part of the political parties were chosen because they were relatives of members of the party," said Safia Taleb al-Souhail, a member of Parliament who is part of the State of Law bloc, which Mr. Maliki leads.
"The parties didn’t really think to have women inside the party itself, and just chose many of the women, like, two weeks before the election," Ms. Souhail said. "This is what I meant exactly: there are not a lot of serious politicians."
This despite the estimate by the Iraqi electoral commission that 55-62% of votes in the most recent election were cast by women. The article notes that one female member of parliament arguing that women lacked the necessary experience to run a government and I'm inclined to agree. (And I'll also note that since women appear to constitute at least 55% of the voters, putting in a larger number of female politicians seems to be primarily ignoring the expressed views of those female voters.)