- Blindness by Jose Saramago
- Never Let Me Go by Kazuo Ishiguro
I read both of the above fairly recently. While novels, they're also of the more thought-provoking form I found. The first looks at what might happen if blindness became contagious and caught on like an epidemic. I'm not quite sure how to describe the second - I'd like to say that it addresses medical ethics, that description really seems to fail to capture the story.